André Laville emigrated from France 1928 to work in Soviet Union, starting with Richard in OPO-4 where he drew fighter similar to Nieuport-Delage on which he had previously worked. Formed BNK (bureau of new designs) 1930, producing DI-4 2-seat parasol-wing fighter early 1933. BNK closed, but Laville produced PS-89, also called ZIG-1, 14-seat airliner, flown spring 1935. Then became journalist.